Neuroscientific research yields constant progress regarding our basic understanding of the structure and function of the human brain under healthy and pathological conditions. This knowledge is fundamental for the development of new diagnostics and treatments for patients suffering from neurological or psychiatric diseases. At the same time, neuroscientific research has implications for the understanding, and thus potentially also the control, of human decision-making, behaviour, emotions, and social interactions. Findings from neuroscientific research can furthermore deeply affect human self-understanding and conscience as such. Therefore, it is of major importance to investigate the ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA) of neuroscientific research and recent advances in the field. This knowledge helps to ensure that neuroscientific methods and findings are utilized in ways which are of the best possible benefit for our society. The high societal relevance of neuroscientific research is underlined by continuously high public interest and ongoing public discourse on this topic.
The 'Network of European Funding for Neuroscience Research' (NEURON) was established under the ERA-NET scheme of the European Commission. The aim of ERA-NET NEURON is to co-ordinate research efforts and funding programs of European and partner countries in the field of disease-related neuroscience. Under the umbrella of NEURON, several joint transnational calls (JTCs) have been launched on different neuroscientific topics from 2008 to 2016. In acknowledgement of the high societal relevance of neuroscientific research, this year, "European Research Projects on Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects (ELSA) of Neuroscience" has been launched.
The aim of the ERA-NET call is to facilitate multinational, collaborative research projects that will address important questions regarding ethical, philosophical, legal and socio-cultural aspects related to the neurosciences and their recent advances.
Research Areas
Research areas within the overall ERA-NET call include but are not limited to:
- the consequences of the development of neuroscientific diagnostic methods (e.g. handling of incidental findings; the "right not to know"; very early disease prediction before symptoms occur; diagnosis in absence of treatment options; interactions between socio-culturally diverse patients and health personnel; availability of novel expensive methods).
- abnormal behaviour reduced to deviant brain states (e.g. expansion of the concept of illness; seeing psychiatric symptoms merely as specific neurochemical imbalances); use of brain data and brain interventions in legal contexts (e.g. "brain reading" for the detection of deception; brain intervention of offenders; psychosurgery; insurance law).
- neuroenhancement such as alteration of mental states (cognitive, affective) and abilities (e.g. cognition, sleep, appetite, sexual behaviour) in healthy subjects by pharmacological or by electrical/magnetic brain stimulation.
- intelligent technologies and close human-machine interaction (e.g. Ambient Assisted Living, Brain-Computer Interfaces).
- personality changes as side effects of neurological or psychiatric therapies (e.g. Deep Brain Stimulation; brain implants).
- the impact of modern neuroscience on traditional philosophical questions, concepts and theories regarding fundamental aspects of human nature (e.g. the relationship between mind and brain, the nature of consciousness, self- and personal identity, free will).
- biobanking of neural tissue (e.g. tissue donation, deceased donor, data protection, possible consequences for relatives).
- clinical research with patients suffering from neurological or psychiatric diseases (e.g. developing tools to improve the assessment of decision-making capacity of the patients, analysis of legal measures to protect those who do not have the capacity to consent).
- societal and cultural changes induced by neuroscientific knowledge and its application.
The individual components of joint applications should be complementary and should contain novel and ambitious ideas to answer key questions or lead to a step-wise change in understanding. There should be clear added value in funding the collaboration over the individual projects.